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Plastics materials: Thermosets
Thermosetting polymers are particular polymers that once produced cannot be melted without undergoing chemical degradation, called carbonisation. They are cross-linked polymers, but have a much higher degree of cross-linking than elastomers, so that cross-linking hinders the mobility of macromolecules, resulting in fragile behaviour.
Processing of thermosetting agents
The techniques that can be used for moulding these polymers are as follows:
- Compression moulding: carried out by subjecting the non cross-linked polymer to compression and heating
- Piston conveyor moulding
- Injection molding: Unlike the injection molding process of thermoplastic polymers, injection molding for thermosetting materials takes place by heating.
Differences between Plastics Materials
Thermoplastic materials
The thermoplastic materials react to heat, softening and thus acquiring a malleability that allows the modelling to form finished products and then return to acquire stiffness.
Thermosetting materials
The thermosetting materials react to heat first by softening and then return to hardening thanks to a three-dimensional cross-linking process. In practice, it is thanks to the combined heat and pressure effect that thermosetting materials can be shaped.
Thermosetting temperature graph
The graph shows the most suitable material for working temperatures.
Data sheets
EP GC 201
EP GC 201
Type of material: laminated with fiberglass fabric and epoxy resins.
Features: yellow color.
Use: used for general mechanical and electrical applications. Spacers, rings, insulators, contactors.
Assortment: slabs and or parts to design.
Notes: spacers, rings, insulators, contacts
| Mechanics | Value | Unit | Type of test |
| Density | 1.8–2.0 | g/cm3 | DIN EN 60893-2 – 5.1 |
| Elastic flexing module | 22000 | MPa | DIN EN 60893-2 – |
| Flexural strength | 340 | MPa | DIN EN 60893-2 – |
| Tensile strength | 300 | kJ/m2 | DIN EN 60893-2 – |
| Notched impact resistance | 42 | kJ/m2 | DIN EN 60893-2 – |
| Shear resistance parallel to the layers | 30 | MPa | DIN EN 60893-2 – |
| Compressive strength perpendicular to the layers | 350 | MPa | DIN EN 60893-2 – |
| Electrical | Value | Unit | Type of test – |
| Penetration voltage parallel to the layers | 45 | kV | DIN EN 60893-2 – |
| Capacity to withstand surface discharges | 200 | DIN EN 60893-2 – |
| Dielectric strength perpendicular to the layers on a 3 mm sample | 10,2 | kV/mm | DIN EN 60893-2 – |
| Flammability | cat. | DIN EN 60893-2 – | |
| Thermal | Value | Unit | Type of test |
| Thermal Resistance | 130 | DIN EN 60893-2 – |
| Various | Value | Unit | Type of test |
| Water absorption on sample 10 mm | 34 | % | DIN EN 60893-2 |
EP GC 203
EP GC 203
Type of material: laminated with fiberglass fabric and epoxy resins.
Features: typical yellow colour.
Use: used mainly for general electrical applications. Spacers, rings, insulators, contactors, terminal blocks.
Assortment: slabs and or parts to design.
| Mechanics | Value | Unit | Type of test |
| Density | 1.8–2.0 | g/cm3 | DIN EN ISO 1183 |
| Elastic flexing module | 22,000 | MPa | DIN EN ISO 178 |
| Flexural strength | 340 | MPa | DIN EN ISO 178 |
| Tensile strength | 300 | kJ/m2 | DIN EN ISO 179 |
| Notched impact resistance | 50 | kJ/m2 | DIN EN ISO 179 |
| Shear resistance parallel to the layers | 30 | MPa | |
| Compressive strength perpendicular to the layers | 350 | MPa | |
| Penetration voltage parallel to the layers | 45 | kV |
| Electrical | Value | Unit | Type of test |
| Capacity to withstand surface discharges | 180 |
| Thermal | Value | Unit | Type of test |
| Flammability | cat. | ||
| Thermal Resistance | 155 | TI | IEC 250 |
| Dielectric strength perpendicular to the layers on a 3 mm sample | 10,2 | kV/mm | IEC 243 |
| Various | Value | Unit | Type of test |
| Water absorption on sample 10 mm | 34 | % | DIN EN ISO 62 |
EP GC 308
EP GC 308
Type of material: laminated with fiberglass fabric and epoxy resins.
Features: typical yellow colour.
Use: mainly used for general electrical applications, working temperature up to 155° and peak 180°. Spacers, rings, insulators, contacts, terminal blocks.
Assortment: slabs and or drawing details.
| Mechanics | Value | Unit | Type of test |
| Density | 1.8–2.0 | g/cm3 | DIN EN ISO 1183 |
| Elastic flexing module | 22,000 | MPa | DIN EN ISO 178 |
| Flexural strength | 340 | MPa | DIN EN ISO 178 |
| Tensile strength | 300 | kJ/m2 | DIN EN ISO 179 |
| Notched impact resistance | 50 | kJ/m2 | DIN EN ISO 179 |
| Shear resistance parallel to the layers | 30 | MPa | |
| Compressive strength perpendicular to the layers | 350 | MPa | |
| Penetration voltage parallel to the layers | 45 | kV |
| Electrical | Value | Unit | Type of test |
| Capacity to withstand surface discharges | 200 |
| Thermal | Value | Unit | Type of test |
| Flammability | – | cat. | |
| Thermal Resistance | 180 | IEC 250 | |
| Dielectric strength perpendicular to the layers on a 3 mm sample | 10,2 | kV/mm | IEC 243 |
| Various | Value | Unit | Type of test |
| Water absorption on sample 10 mm | 34 | % | DIN EN ISO 62 |
PF CC 203
PF CC 203
Type of material: layered with fine weave cotton fabric and phenolic resins.
Features: typical brown colour.
Use: used for mechanical applications in general.
Assortment: slabs and or parts to design.
| Mechanics | Value | Unit | Type of test |
| Density | 1.3–1.4 | g/cm3 | DIN EN ISO 1183 |
| Elastic flexing module | 7,000 | MPa | DIN EN ISO 178 |
| Flexural strength | 110 | MPa | DIN EN ISO 178 |
| Tensile strength | 85 | kJ/m2 | DIN EN ISO 179 |
| Notched impact strength | 7 | kJ/m2 | DIN EN ISO 179 |
| Shear resistance parallel to the layers | 25 | MPa | |
| Compressive strength perpendicular to the layers | – | MPa | |
| Penetration voltage parallel to the layers | 1 | kV |
| Electrical | Value | Unit | Type of test |
| Capacity to withstand surface discharges | 100 |
| Thermal | Value | Unit | Type of test |
| Flammability | – | cat. | |
| Thermal Resistance | 5 | IEC 250 | |
| Dielectric strength perpendicular to the layers on a 3 mm sample | 20 | kV/mm | IEC 243 |
| Varios | Value | Unit | Type of test |
| Water absorption on sample 10 mm | 319 | % | DIN EN ISO 62 |
PF CP 201
PF CP 201
Type of material: laminated with paper and phenolic resins
Features: typical brown colour.
Use: used for mechanical applications. Spacers, rings, insulators, contactors.
Assortment: slabs and or parts to design.
| Mechanics | Value | Unit | Type of test |
| Density | 1.3–1.4 | g/cm3 | DIN EN ISO 1183 |
| Elastic flexing module | 7,000 | MPa | DIN EN ISO 178 |
| Flexural strength | 135 | MPa | DIN EN ISO 178 |
| Tensile strength | 120 | kJ/m2 | DIN EN ISO 179 |
| Notched impact strength | – | kJ/m2 | DIN EN ISO 179 |
| Shear resistance parallel to the layers | 10 | MPa | |
| Compressive strength perpendicular to the layers | 300 | MPa | |
| Penetration voltage parallel to the layers | – | kV |
| Electrical | Value | Unit | Type of test |
| Capacity to withstand surface discharges | 100 |
| Thermal | Value | Unit | Type of test |
| Flammability | – | cat. | |
| Thermal Resistance | 120 | IEC 250 | |
| Dielectric strength perpendicular to the layers on a 3 mm sample | – | kV/mm | IEC 243 |
| Various | Value | Unit | Type of test |
| Water absorption on sample 10 mm | 920 | % | DIN EN ISO 62 |
PF CP 203
PF CP 203
Type of material: paper-based laminate and phenolic resins.
Features: typical brown colour.
Use: used for general electrical applications in wet environments. Spacers, rings, insulators, contactors.
Assortment: slabs and or drawing parts.
| Mechanics | Value | Unit | Type of test |
| Density | 1.3–1.4 | g/cm3 | DIN EN ISO 1183 |
| Elastic flexing module | 7,000 | MPa | DIN EN ISO 178 |
| Flexural strength | 120 | MPa | DIN EN ISO 178 |
| Tensile strength | 100 | kJ/m2 | DIN EN ISO 179 |
| Notched impact resistance | – | kJ/m2 | DIN EN ISO 179 |
| Shear resistance parallel to the layers | 10 | MPa | |
| Compressive strength perpendicular to the layers | 250 | MPa | |
| Penetration voltage parallel to the layers | 15 | kV |
| Electrical | Value | Unit | Type of test |
| Capacity to withstand surface discharges | 100 |
| Thermal | Value | Unit | Type of test |
| Flammability | – | cat. | |
| Thermal Resistance | 105 | IEC 250 | |
| Dielectric strength perpendicular to the layers on a 3 mm sample | 84 | kV/mm | IEC 243 |
| Various | Value | Unit | Type of test |
| Water absorption on sample 10 mm | 320 | % | DIN EN ISO 62 |
EP GC 202
EP GC 202
Type of material: laminated with fiberglass fabric and epoxy resins.
Features: typical yellow-green colour.
Use: used for general mechanical and electrical applications, FR = Flame retardant. Spacers, rings, insulators, contactors.
Assortment: slabs and or drawing parts.
| Mechanics | Value | Unit | Type of test |
| Density | 1.8–2.0 | g/cm3 | DIN EN ISO 1183 |
| Elastic flexing module | 22,000 | MPa | DIN EN ISO 178 |
| Flexural strength | 340 | MPa | DIN EN ISO 178 |
| Tensile strength | 300 | kJ/m2 | DIN EN ISO 179 |
| Notched impact resistance | 42 | kJ/m2 | DIN EN ISO 179 |
| Sher resistance parallel to the layers | 30 | MPa | |
| Compressive strength perpendicular to the layers | 350 | MPa | |
| Penetration voltage parallel to the layers | 45 | kV |
| Electrical | Value | Unit | Type of test |
| Capacity to withstand surface discharges | 200 |
| Thermal | Valore | Unità | Tipo di prova |
| Flammability | V-0 | cat. | |
| Thermal Resistance | 130 | IEC 250 | |
| Dielectric strength perpendicular to the layers on a 3 mm sample | 10,2 | kV/mm | IEC 243 |
| Various | Value | Unit | Type of test |
| Water absorption on sample 10 mm | 34 | % | DIN EN ISO 62 |
EP GC 204
EP GC 204
Type of material: laminated with fiberglass fabric and epoxy resins.
Features: typical yellow colour.
Use: used for general mechanical and electrical applications, FR = Flame retardant. Spacers, rings, insulators, contactors.
Assortment: slabs and or drawing parts.
| Mechanics | Value | Unit | Type of test |
| Density | 1.8–2.0 | g/cm3 | DIN EN ISO 1183 |
| Elastic flexing module | 22,000 | MPa | DIN EN ISO 178 |
| Flexural streng | 340 | MPa | DIN EN ISO 178 |
| Tensile strength | 300 | kJ/m2 | DIN EN ISO 179 |
| Notched impact resistance | 50 | kJ/m2 | DIN EN ISO 179 |
| Share resistance parallel to the layers | 30 | MPa | |
| Compressive strength perpendicular to the layers | 350 | MPa | |
| Penetration voltage parallel to the layers | 45 | kV |
| Electrical | Value | Unit | Type of test |
| Capacity to withstand surface discharges | 180 |
| Thermal | Value | Unit | Type of test |
| Flammability | V-0 | cat. | |
| Thermal Resistance | 155 | TI | IEC 250 |
| Dielectric strength perpendicular to the layers on a 3 mm sample | 10,2 | kV/mm | IEC 243 |
| Various | Value | Unit | Type of test |
| Water absorption on sample 10 mm | 34 | % | DIN EN ISO 62 |
PF CC 201
PF CC 201
Type of material: layered fabric based on coarse woven cotton fabric and phenolic resins.
Caratteristiche: typical brown colour.
Use: used for mechanical applications in general. Spacers, rings, bushings, skids, blades.
Assortment: slabs and or parts to design.
| Mechanics | Value | Unit | Type of test |
| Density | 1.3–1.4 | g/cm3 | DIN EN ISO 1183 |
| Elastic flexing module | 7,000 | MPa | DIN EN ISO 178 |
| Flexural streng | 100 | MPa | DIN EN ISO 178 |
| Tensile strength | 80 | kJ/m2 | DIN EN ISO 179 |
| Notched impact resistance | 8 | kJ/m2 | DIN EN ISO 179 |
| Share resistance parallel to the layers | 25 | MPa | |
| Compressive strength perpendicular to the layers | – | MPa | |
| Penetration voltage parallel to the layers | 1 | kV |
| Electrical | Value | Unit | Type of test |
| Capacity to withstand surface discharges | 100 |
| Thermal | Value | Unit | Type of test |
| Flammability | – | cat. | |
| Thermal Resistance | 120 | IEC 250 | |
| Dielectric strength perpendicular to the layers on a 3 mm sample | 5 | kV/mm | IEC 243 |
| Various | Value | Unit | Type of test |
| Water absorption on sample 10 mm | 319 | % | DIN EN ISO 62 |
PF CC 204
PF CC 204
Type of materia: layered with fine weave cotton fabric and phenolic resins.
Features: typical brown colour.
Use: used for mechanical and electrical applications in general. Spacers, rings, bushings, sleeves, skids, insulating bezels, terminal blocks and gears.
Assortment: slabs and or drawing parts.
| Mechanics | Value | Unit | Type of test |
| Density | 1.3–1.4 | g/cm3 | DIN EN ISO 1183 |
| Elastic flexing module | 7,000 | MPa | DIN EN ISO 178 |
| Flexural streng | 100 | MPa | DIN EN ISO 178 |
| Tensile strength | 80 | kJ/m2 | DIN EN ISO 179 |
| Notched impact resistance | 6 | kJ/m2 | DIN EN ISO 179 |
| Share resistance parallel to the layers | 20 | MPa | |
| Compressive strength perpendicular to the layers | – | MPa | |
| Penetration voltage parallel to the layers | 20 | kV |
| Electrical | Value | Unit | Type of test |
| Capacity to withstand surface discharges | 100 |
| Thermal | Value | Unit | Type of test |
| Flammability | – | cat. | |
| Thermal Resistance | 120 | IEC 250 | |
| Dielectric strength perpendicular to the layers on a 3 mm sample | 4 | kV/mm | IEC 243 |
| Various | Value | Unit | Type of test |
| Water absorption on sample 10 mm | 209 | % | DIN EN ISO 62 |
PF CP 202
PF CP 202
Type of material: paper-based laminate and phenolic resins.
Features: typical brown colour.
Use: used for mechanical and electrical use at high voltage and high frequency in oil. Spacers, rings, insulators, contactors.
Assortment: slabs and or parts to design.
| Mechanics | Value | Unit | Type of test |
| Density | 1.3–1.4 | g/cm3 | DIN EN ISO 1183 |
| Elastic flexing module | 7,000 | MPa | DIN EN ISO 178 |
| Flexural streng | 120 | MPa | DIN EN ISO 178 |
| Tensile strength | 100 | kJ/m2 | DIN EN ISO 179 |
| Notched impact resistance | – | kJ/m2 | DIN EN ISO 179 |
| Share resistance parallel to the layers | 10 | MPa | |
| Compressive strength perpendicular to the layers | 300 | MPa | |
| Penetration voltage parallel to the layers | 60 (5) | kV |
| Electrical | Value | Unit | Type of test |
| Capacity to withstand surface discharges | 100 |
| Thermal | Value | Unit | Type of test |
| Flammability | – | cat. | |
| Thermal Resistance | 120 | IEC 250 | |
| Dielectric strength perpendicular to the layers on a 3 mm sample | 13 | kV/mm | IEC 243 |
| Various | Value | Unit | Type pf test |
| Water absorption on sample 10 mm | 550 | % | DIN EN ISO 62 |
** The titles and data provided in the tables are for information only and do not imply any liability on the part of UFG srl.
